- Dedication
- Preface to the fifth edition
- How to use this book
- How to use the online resources
- Note on contributors
- New to this edition
- Introduction: The Middle East and International Relations
- 1. International Relations Theory and the Middle East
- 2. The Emergence of the Middle East into the Modern State System
- 3. The Cold War in the Middle East
- 4. The Middle East Since the Cold War: Movement without Progress
- 5. Oil and Political Economy in the International Relations of the Middle East
- 6. The Puzzle of Political Reform in the Middle East
- 7. The Politics of Identity in Middle East International Relations
- 8. Islam and International Relations in the Middle East: From <i>Umma</i> to Nation State
- 9. Regionalism and Alliances in the Middle East
- 10. Middle East Security: The Politics of Violence after the 2003 Iraq War
- 11. Foreign Policymaking in the Middle East: Complex Realism
- 12. The Arab–Israeli Conflict
- 13. The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process
- 14. The International Politics of the Gulf
- 15. The Arab Spring: The ‘People’ in International Relations
- 16. The United States in the Middle East
- 17. Russia, China, and the Middle East
- 18. Europe in the Middle East
- Bibliography
- Subject Index
(p. 415) 18. Europe in the Middle East
- Chapter:
- (p. 415) 18. Europe in the Middle East
- Author(s):
Rosemary Hollis
- DOI:
- 10.1093/hepl/9780198809425.003.0018
This concluding chapter explores the evolution and development of European approaches to the Middle East. An expansion of European imperial rule across the Middle East followed the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War. By the end of the twentieth century, the United States was unrivalled power-broker across the region, but the Europeans had turned old imperialist relationships into commercial ones. Bound to MENA by economic interdependence and migration flows, the European Union (EU) formulated a series of initiatives designed to address new transnational security concerns through the deployment of ‘soft power’. By 2011 and the eruption of popular uprisings across the Arab world, the EU was itself in the throes of an economic crisis that forced a rethink in European policies toward the region and a reassertion of bilateralism.
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- Dedication
- Preface to the fifth edition
- How to use this book
- How to use the online resources
- Note on contributors
- New to this edition
- Introduction: The Middle East and International Relations
- 1. International Relations Theory and the Middle East
- 2. The Emergence of the Middle East into the Modern State System
- 3. The Cold War in the Middle East
- 4. The Middle East Since the Cold War: Movement without Progress
- 5. Oil and Political Economy in the International Relations of the Middle East
- 6. The Puzzle of Political Reform in the Middle East
- 7. The Politics of Identity in Middle East International Relations
- 8. Islam and International Relations in the Middle East: From <i>Umma</i> to Nation State
- 9. Regionalism and Alliances in the Middle East
- 10. Middle East Security: The Politics of Violence after the 2003 Iraq War
- 11. Foreign Policymaking in the Middle East: Complex Realism
- 12. The Arab–Israeli Conflict
- 13. The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process
- 14. The International Politics of the Gulf
- 15. The Arab Spring: The ‘People’ in International Relations
- 16. The United States in the Middle East
- 17. Russia, China, and the Middle East
- 18. Europe in the Middle East
- Bibliography
- Subject Index