- Preface and Acknowledgements to the First Edition
- Preface and Acknowledgements to the Second Edition
- How to use this book
- How to use the Online Resources
- About the Editors
- About the Contributors
- 1. Introduction
- Part One Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
- 2. Theories of Democratization
- 3. Democratic and Undemocratic States
- 4. Measuring Democracy and Democratization
- 5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization
- 6. The Global Wave of Democratization
- Part Two Causes and Dimensions of Democratization
- 7. The International Context
- 8. The Political Economy of Democracy
- 9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change
- 10. Gender and Democratization
- 11. Social Capital and Civil Society
- 12. Social Movements and Contention in Democratization Processes
- Part Three Actors and Institutions
- 13. Conventional Citizen Participation
- 14. Political Parties
- 15. Institutional Design in New Democracies
- 16. The Media
- 17. Social Media
- 18. A Decade of Democratic Decline and Stagnation
- Part Four Regions of Democratization
- 19. Southern Europe
- 20. Latin America
- 21. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
- 22. Post-Soviet Eurasia
- 23. The Middle East and North Africa
- 24. Sub-Saharan Africa
- 25. East Asia
- Part Five Conclusions and Outlook
- 26. Conclusion: The Future of Democratization
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
(p. 364) 23. The Middle East and North Africa
- Chapter:
- (p. 364) 23. The Middle East and North Africa
- Author(s):
Francesco Cavatorta
- DOI:
- 10.1093/hepl/9780198732280.003.0023
This chapter examines why democratic openings failed to consolidate in the Middle East and North Africa despite the profound influence of the global wave of democratization on both regions. Authoritarianism persists in the region comprising the Middle East and North Africa. Nevertheless, countries in the region experienced changes since the consolidation of authoritarian rule soon after decolonization. The chapter considers a number of explanations for the durability of authoritarian rule in the Middle East and North Africa in the face of both domestic and international pressures for democratic governance. In particular, it discusses the role of Islamist political actors and Israel. It also looks at the region’s political culture and society, business and economy, and agents of democratization and democratic failure. Finally, it describes institutional challenges for the region’s chances to become more democratic.
Access to the complete content on Politics Trove requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription.
Please subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.
For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can't find the answer there, please contact us.
- Preface and Acknowledgements to the First Edition
- Preface and Acknowledgements to the Second Edition
- How to use this book
- How to use the Online Resources
- About the Editors
- About the Contributors
- 1. Introduction
- Part One Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
- 2. Theories of Democratization
- 3. Democratic and Undemocratic States
- 4. Measuring Democracy and Democratization
- 5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization
- 6. The Global Wave of Democratization
- Part Two Causes and Dimensions of Democratization
- 7. The International Context
- 8. The Political Economy of Democracy
- 9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change
- 10. Gender and Democratization
- 11. Social Capital and Civil Society
- 12. Social Movements and Contention in Democratization Processes
- Part Three Actors and Institutions
- 13. Conventional Citizen Participation
- 14. Political Parties
- 15. Institutional Design in New Democracies
- 16. The Media
- 17. Social Media
- 18. A Decade of Democratic Decline and Stagnation
- Part Four Regions of Democratization
- 19. Southern Europe
- 20. Latin America
- 21. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
- 22. Post-Soviet Eurasia
- 23. The Middle East and North Africa
- 24. Sub-Saharan Africa
- 25. East Asia
- Part Five Conclusions and Outlook
- 26. Conclusion: The Future of Democratization
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
