- Preface and Acknowledgements to the First Edition
- Preface and Acknowledgements to the Second Edition
- How to use this book
- How to use the Online Resources
- About the Editors
- About the Contributors
- 1. Introduction
- Part One Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
- 2. Theories of Democratization
- 3. Democratic and Undemocratic States
- 4. Measuring Democracy and Democratization
- 5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization
- 6. The Global Wave of Democratization
- Part Two Causes and Dimensions of Democratization
- 7. The International Context
- 8. The Political Economy of Democracy
- 9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change
- 10. Gender and Democratization
- 11. Social Capital and Civil Society
- 12. Social Movements and Contention in Democratization Processes
- Part Three Actors and Institutions
- 13. Conventional Citizen Participation
- 14. Political Parties
- 15. Institutional Design in New Democracies
- 16. The Media
- 17. Social Media
- 18. A Decade of Democratic Decline and Stagnation
- Part Four Regions of Democratization
- 19. Southern Europe
- 20. Latin America
- 21. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
- 22. Post-Soviet Eurasia
- 23. The Middle East and North Africa
- 24. Sub-Saharan Africa
- 25. East Asia
- Part Five Conclusions and Outlook
- 26. Conclusion: The Future of Democratization
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
(p. 322) 21. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
- Chapter:
- (p. 322) 21. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
- Author(s):
Christian W. Haerpfer
and Kseniya Kizilova
- DOI:
- 10.1093/hepl/9780198732280.003.0021
This chapter examines the democratic revolutions that occurred in post-communist Europe since 1989. It first considers the beginning of the decline of communism and the failed attempts to reform communist one-party states from 1970 to 1988 as stage one of democratization. It then discusses the end of communist regimes as the second stage of democratization—between 1989 and 1991. It also looks at stage three of the democratization process, which focuses on the creation of new democracies. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the main drivers of successful democratization in post-communist Europe.
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- Preface and Acknowledgements to the First Edition
- Preface and Acknowledgements to the Second Edition
- How to use this book
- How to use the Online Resources
- About the Editors
- About the Contributors
- 1. Introduction
- Part One Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
- 2. Theories of Democratization
- 3. Democratic and Undemocratic States
- 4. Measuring Democracy and Democratization
- 5. Long Waves and Conjunctures of Democratization
- 6. The Global Wave of Democratization
- Part Two Causes and Dimensions of Democratization
- 7. The International Context
- 8. The Political Economy of Democracy
- 9. Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change
- 10. Gender and Democratization
- 11. Social Capital and Civil Society
- 12. Social Movements and Contention in Democratization Processes
- Part Three Actors and Institutions
- 13. Conventional Citizen Participation
- 14. Political Parties
- 15. Institutional Design in New Democracies
- 16. The Media
- 17. Social Media
- 18. A Decade of Democratic Decline and Stagnation
- Part Four Regions of Democratization
- 19. Southern Europe
- 20. Latin America
- 21. Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
- 22. Post-Soviet Eurasia
- 23. The Middle East and North Africa
- 24. Sub-Saharan Africa
- 25. East Asia
- Part Five Conclusions and Outlook
- 26. Conclusion: The Future of Democratization
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index